Fine Motor Development
Milestones are valuable tools which provide observable progress toward the achievement of functional independence and mastery. As children reach each milestone, it's proof that they're problem solving and figuring out how to interact with their environment. It shows that they're working toward independent function.
4-6 yr Milestones
- Mature dynamic tripod grip onto pencil
- Skilled hand use to manipulate utensils, tools and self-care items
- Can use zipper and tie shoes by age 6
- Bi-manual coordination expands
- Develops hand preference
- Develops printing skills
Shows mature catching, throwing and striking patterns
6-10 yr
- Increased coordination for manipulating small objects and increased fine motor mastery
- Opportunity for task-specific prehensile skills
- May enjoy hobbies requiring complex fine motor skills, such as sewing or model-building
- Handwriting and keyboarding skills
- Throws and catches with increased mastery
Adolescence
- Skillful ball playing due to increased eye-hand coordination and improved reaction time
- Increased dexterity in tasks
Sources: Alexander, R., Boehme, R., & Cupps, B. (1993). Normal development of functional motor skills. Tuscon, AZ: Therapy Skill Builders; Bly, L (1994). Motor skills acquisition in the first year. Tucson, AX: Therapy Skill Builders; Gallahue, D. L., & Ozmun, J.C. (2002). Understanding motor development; Infants, children, adolescents, adults (4th ed). New York: McGraw-Hill; Miller Porr, S., & Berger Rainville, E. (1999). Pediatric therapy: A systems approach. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis; and Ratliffe, K.T. (1998). Clinical pediatric physical therapy; A guide for the physical therapy team. St. Louis, MO: Mosby.